
{"id":1938,"date":"2013-10-11T16:34:48","date_gmt":"2013-10-11T14:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/?p=1938"},"modified":"2021-10-03T21:46:46","modified_gmt":"2021-10-03T19:46:46","slug":"affectio-societatis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/2013\/10\/affectio-societatis\/","title":{"rendered":"affectio societatis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Narrative- University of Strasbourg-\u00a0Main Law faculty building of the former\u00a0<a title=\"Robert Schuman University\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Schuman_University\">Robert Schuman University<\/a><\/p>\n<p>For the individual narrative excursion, I went into a law lecture that was being dictated in French. I recorded about 10 minutes of the lecture, and then I had one of the French speaking people, Juliette Autin transcribe it. \u00a0I then translated the lecture into English. Highlighting in bold some of the key parts that I thought where particularly interesting&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/zakararaitt\/lecture <strong>(The Recorded Sound Clip)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/10\/Screenshot-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-1940\" alt=\"Screenshot (1)\" src=\"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/10\/Screenshot-1-300x168.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/10\/Screenshot-1-300x168.png 300w, http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/10\/Screenshot-1-1024x575.png 1024w, http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/10\/Screenshot-1-299x168.png 299w, http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2013\/10\/Screenshot-1.png 1366w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">The Lecture transcribed &#8211; by Juliette Autin<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>?????, c&rsquo;est \u00e0 dire qu&rsquo;il agit comme un salari\u00e9, au nom, et pour le compte du chef d&rsquo;entreprise. Pas d&rsquo;obligation personnelle, les actes de gestion et d&rsquo;administration sont assum\u00e9s par les chefs d&rsquo;entreprise. Et dans la m\u00eame logique, et d&rsquo;ailleurs \u00e0 la m\u00eame \u00e9poque, la loi du 2 ao\u00fbt 2005 est venue pr\u00e9ciser dans le cadre de la liquidation et du partage d&rsquo;une communaut\u00e9 dans le cadre d&rsquo;un divorce, que le juge peut faire supporter la charge exclusive des dettes \u00e0 celui qui va conserver le patrimoine professionnel. En d&rsquo;autres termes, dans les rapports des \u00e9poux entre eux, sans que \u00e7a ne soit oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 des tiers, si le fond de commerce est attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;exploitant, les dettes de ce fond de commerce seront transf\u00e9r\u00e9es en m\u00eame temps que la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du bien, ce qui est une disposition exorbitante du droit commun, et et exorbitante surtout des r\u00e8gles qui r\u00e9gissent le r\u00e9gime matrimonial. Cette disposition a \u00e9t\u00e9 ins\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;article 1387-1 du code civil.<\/p>\n<p>Derni\u00e8re hypoth\u00e8se, celle du conjoint et du commer\u00e7ant qui exerce \u00e9galement une activit\u00e9 commerciale. L&rsquo;article L121-3 indique que le conjoint d&rsquo;un commer\u00e7ant est lui-m\u00eame r\u00e9put\u00e9 commer\u00e7ant, que s&rsquo;il exerce une activit\u00e9 professionnelle et commerciale s\u00e9par\u00e9e de son \u00e9poux. Il s&rsquo;agit l\u00e0 d&rsquo;une pr\u00e9somption de l&rsquo;article L121-3, vous dit bien\u00a0 : \u00ab\u00a0le conjoint d&rsquo;un commer\u00e7ant n&rsquo;est r\u00e9put\u00e9 lui-m\u00eame commer\u00e7ant\u00a0\u00bb. Donc il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une pr\u00e9somption, et m\u00eame si la question s&rsquo;est pos\u00e9e ce texte n&rsquo;interdit pas \u00e0 deux \u00e9poux d&rsquo;exploiter ensemble un commerce et d&rsquo;avoir chacun la qualit\u00e9 d&rsquo;exploitant. La jurisprudence a reconnu \u00e0 un conjoint la qualit\u00e9 de co-exploitant apr\u00e8s avoir constat\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il exer\u00e7ait des actes de commerce de mani\u00e8re ind\u00e9pendante en en faisant sa profession habituelle et en agissant pour son compte, \u00e9tant pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 que le fond de commerce dans cette hypoth\u00e8se \u00e9tait un bien commun, ce qui permettait de retenir l&rsquo;exercice pour le compte du conjoint de l&rsquo;autre exploitant. Et puis comme je vous l&rsquo;ai indiqu\u00e9 tout \u00e0 l&rsquo;heure, tr\u00e8s souvent l&rsquo;un est enregistr\u00e9 au ?? du commerce, pas l&rsquo;autre, mais ils exercent n\u00e9anmoins, ou ils co-exploitent un fond de commerce, et on peut avoir recours \u00e0 la notion de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e de fait, qui permettra de tenir compte de cette co-exploitation de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e de fait comme son nom l&rsquo;indique mal, n&rsquo;est pas reconnue comme une personne morale. Elle n&rsquo;est pas reconnue comme une personne morale parce que par hypoth\u00e8se les participants \u00e0 cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e de fait, n&rsquo;ont pas effectu\u00e9 l&rsquo;ensemble des formalit\u00e9s permettant la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;une personne morale. Mais ils se sont comport\u00e9s comme des associ\u00e9s et l&rsquo;ensemble des \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs d&rsquo;une personne morale se trouvent r\u00e9unis. Ils ont ainsi fait des apports, \u00e7a peut \u00eatre l&rsquo;acquisition en commun du fond de commerce, ils ont une vocation de participer aux b\u00e9n\u00e9fices et de supporter les pertes. Les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de l&rsquo;exploitation du fond de commerce sont communs puisque les deux co-exploitent , les pertes seront \u00e9galement communes. Et ils sont anim\u00e9s d&rsquo;une volont\u00e9 commune de faire prosp\u00e9rer leur entreprise, que l&rsquo;on appelle l&rsquo;affectio societatis.<\/p>\n<p>On verra dans la deuxi\u00e8me partie de ce cours que, en dehors de l&rsquo;aspect de formalit\u00e9, l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;apports, la vocation de participer aux b\u00e9n\u00e9fices et aux pertes, et l&rsquo;affectio societatis, sont les trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments sp\u00e9cifiques du contrat de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, et la jurisprudence lorsque ces trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont r\u00e9unis peut reconnaitre l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e de fait, et dans le cadre d&rsquo;une liquidation, accorder des droit \u00e0 chacun des participants \u00e0 cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Enfin lorsque les deux \u00e9poux sont co-exploitant, et en vertu de la r\u00e8gle que je vous ai \u00e9nonc\u00e9e la semaine derni\u00e8re, ils seront solidairement tenus des dettes<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>The Lecture Translated &#8211; Tatenda Magaisa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>? ? ? an employee, in the name and on behalf of the entrepreneur . No personal obligation , acts of management and administration are borne by the entrepreneurs. And the same logic , and also at the same time , the law of 2 August 2005 has specified under <b>the liquidation and distribution of a community through a divorce<\/b>, the judge can bear the sole burden of debt that will keep the business assets . In other words , in the relationship between spouses , but it is against third parties , if the goodwill is allocated to the operator , the debts of this goodwill will be transferred along with <b>the ownership of the property , which is an outrageous provision of common law, and especially exorbitant rules governing the<\/b> matrimonial regime. This provision was inserted in <b>Article 1387-1 of the Civil Code .<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Latter case, the spouse and the trader who also carries on business . Article L121- 3 indicates that the spouse of a trader is himself known trader, if it pursues a professional and business separate from her husband. This is a presumption of Article L121 -3, you say well , <b>\u00a0\u00bb the spouse of a trader is deemed himself a trader.\u00a0\u00bb So there is a presumption<\/b> , even if the question is posed this text does not prohibit both spouses to operate a business together and have each quality operator . The jurisprudence has recognized the quality of a joint co- operator after finding he held commercial acts independently in making his usual occupation and acting on its behalf, it being understood that the goodwill in this case was a common good , which enabled us to take the exercise on behalf of the spouse of the other operator . And as I have indicated earlier , very often one is registered to ? trade, not the other, yet they exercise , where they co- operate a business background , and we may use the notion of de facto company , which will take into account the co-operation of the activity.<\/p>\n<p><b>The de facto company as its name suggests evil, is not recognized as a legal person. It is not recognized as a legal entity because by assumption the participants in this de facto company have not done all formalities for the creation of a legal person .<\/b><b> <\/b>But they behaved as partners and all the elements of a legal person are gathered . They thus made \u200b\u200bcontributions , it may be the joint acquisition of the goodwill they have a vocation to share in profits and bear the losses . Profits from the operation of goodwill are common as both co- operate , the losses will be shared . And they are driven by a common desire to grow their business , called <b>affectio societatis<\/b><a title=\"\" href=\"\/Users\/IC%20Kolonade\/Desktop\/The%20Lecture%20translated.docx#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p>We will see in the second part of the course that , apart from the appearance of formality, the existence of contributions , the vocation to share in profits and losses , and <b>affectio societatis<\/b> are three specific elements of the contract company , and the cases when these three elements are present can recognize the existence of a de facto company , and as part of a liquidation, the right to give each participant in this company.<\/p>\n<p><b>Finally, when both spouses are co- operating , and under the rule I set up last week , they will be jointly and severally liable for the debts<\/b><\/p>\n<div>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"\/Users\/IC%20Kolonade\/Desktop\/The%20Lecture%20translated.docx#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> The Affectio Societatis<br \/>\nThis is the French legal concept that means that two people or more share the same idea, and personally commit themselves to achieving the purpose of the association.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Narrative- University of Strasbourg-\u00a0Main Law faculty building of the former\u00a0Robert Schuman University For the individual narrative excursion, I went into a law lecture that was being dictated in French. I recorded about 10 minutes of the lecture, and then I had one of the French speaking people, Juliette Autin transcribe it. \u00a0I then translated [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":1940,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,149,81],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actions-urbaines-2","category-story-esplanade","category-strasbourg-2013"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1938"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1938\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1943,"href":"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1938\/revisions\/1943"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1940"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.le-hub.hear.fr\/playurban\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}